How did Tanzania grapple with the issue of developments between 1962 and 1980?
Development is a complex term with many different and sometimes contentious definitions. Development refers to the freeing people from obstacles that affect their ability to develop their own lives and communities. Development, therefore, is empowerment: it is about local people taking control of their own lives, expressing their own demands and finding their own solutions to their problems[1].
The newly born Tanganyika under the leadership of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere was trying to rebuild itself. In order to grapple with these issues of development Tanzania established the following strategies,
The introduction of the three-year development plan and first five-year development plan of 1962 to 1966[2]. These left the industrial sector to the private entrepreneurs with the specifying ownership patterns and techniques of production. The five-year development plan aimed at production of more food, education and better health.
Nationalization measures. All land was nationalize in 1962 and put under the Government of United Republic of Tanzania which distributed it to the people for economic development purpose ,hence people kept more in the production for the developmental purpose.
The Government removed the Head Tax in 1963. This was the tax that was inherited from the colonial Government and this increased the burden to the Tanzanian peasants hence the Government decided to remove it in order to pave the way for the Development of the peasant and the economy of the country.
The Government formed the workers’ union[3]. There was the worker union and later Nepal University Teachers’ Association (NUTA) and Organizations of Tanzania Trade union (OTTU). They are designed to provide a forum for workers to air their grievances and bargaining collectively with their employers.
There was the establishment of public enterprises[4]. Example Bank of Tanzania (BOT) that was established in 1965 and the National Development Co operation of 1962. The aims of these public enterprises are to provide financial support to the peasants and the productive sectors for the acceleration the economy.
The introduction and the encouragement of ujamaa villages between 1973 and 1974. This aimed at consolidating the scattered population into optimal groups of 250 families where they can engage in community based on farming so that it may bring up the desired environment.
Emphasis was put on production of raw materials. This aimed at surfacing the country’s industrial consumption and sell out surplus to earn the foreign currency, this helped much on the development of the National income and the economy of the country.
The introduction of Education for self-reliance. This intended to make the Tanzania to be self reliant through working hard rather than depending on foreigner aids and grants. This helped much on the development of the economy of the country because most of the people were able now to produce the crops by their own skills.
Therefore, a country put more effort in solving the issues of development but it faced with some challenges, these are; Natural calamities like floods, lack of enough infrastructures, rural to urban migration, mass illiteracy and export oriented economy.
[1] Edward A. Alpers (1995). The coast and development of caravan Trade. Pp 10.
[2] Jannik Boesen et al (1986). Tanzania crisis and struggle for survival. Chapter 3 & 4
[3] Illife J. (1979). Modern History of Tanganyika:Cambridge University. Cambridge.
[4] Kjekshus H. (1977). Ecology control and Economic Development in East Africa History. University of California Press. Berkeley.
REFERENCES
Edward A. Alpers (1995). The coast and development of caravan Trade.
Illife J. (1979). Modern History of Tanganyika: Cambridge University.
Cambridge.
Jannik B. et al (1986). Tanzania crisis and struggle for survival. Ohio University.
Ohio.
Kjekshus H. (1977). Ecology control and Economic Development in East Africa
History. University of California Press. Berkeley.
Development is a complex term with many different and sometimes contentious definitions. Development refers to the freeing people from obstacles that affect their ability to develop their own lives and communities. Development, therefore, is empowerment: it is about local people taking control of their own lives, expressing their own demands and finding their own solutions to their problems[1].
[1] Edward A. Alpers (1995). The coast and development of caravan Trade. Pp 10.
[2] Jannik Boesen et al (1986). Tanzania crisis and struggle for survival. Chapter 3 & 4
[3] Illife J. (1979). Modern History of Tanganyika:Cambridge University. Cambridge.
[4] Kjekshus H. (1977). Ecology control and Economic Development in East Africa History. University of California Press. Berkeley.
REFERENCES
Edward A. Alpers (1995). The coast and development of caravan Trade.
Illife J. (1979). Modern History of Tanganyika: Cambridge University.
Cambridge.
Jannik B. et al (1986). Tanzania crisis and struggle for survival. Ohio University.
Ohio.
Kjekshus H. (1977). Ecology control and Economic Development in East Africa
History. University of California Press. Berkeley.
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