Qn, No.2: A country that avoids borrowing of education aspects from the external education systems is likely to dig its own grave. To what extent borrowing be taken with a great care?

Education is the process of imparting knowledge, skills, value from old generation to young generation or from young generation to old generation

Education is the form of learning in which the knowledge, skills and habits of the group of people are transferred from one generation to next through teaching, training or research
.

Education system refers to the formal institution, agencies and organizations of the country that transmit knowledge and cultural heritage to an individual.

Education syste refers to the set of components or subsystems of education that includes Teachers, students' content and context,Education policy, and philosophy which are connected to meet the need of the certain Nation.

Borrowing refers to the adaptation of ideas as once own, like to borrow the style of manner or opinions of others.

Borrowing is the tendency of taking an aspect or idea or values from one place to another place or to be used in other area.

Borrowing in education means that to take other educational issue from other countries so as to be used in own country; the possibility of borrowing idea is usually the first that comes to mind often held on the main purpose of comparative education. Governments are all too often limited to see it as a method of identifying practices that could be transplanted to their own country apart from the risk that other countries practice may be misinterpreted anyway; they may be too closely bound up with their specific contents to be applied anywhere else.

The exportation of practice has often had unfortunate effect after the second world war for example the new communist government in Europe drew heavily on soviet models, this was hardly surprising in view of political hegemony of the USSR; the newly established regime not only were inclined to display political loyalty, but were also trying to reform their traditions system along Marxist Leninist lines and at that time the USSR was the only country with experience of this.

The former British and French colonial empires are clear illustrator of the effect of uncritical borrowing .most ex-colonies countries still retain their inheritance of British or France style school system with examination to assumption about the relationship between Paper qualification and job expectation that are hardly out of keeping with those countries need and conditions. The damage caused is not so much by the persistence of inappropriate Europe raised curriculum which is changing anyway; it is rather caused by the expectation that going to school will provide certificates leading to white color job in the city when the vast majorities are certain to be disappointed at some stage.

The adoption by the Open University and the post 1992 universities in the united kingdom of a credit system owes much too American practice and has created a degree of flexibility in British higher education.

Comparative studies can also clarify our idea of what is possible a usefully step before deciding whether something is desirable. But curriculum polices for example can profitably be looked with an eye to what is being done elsewhere as in the debate in the UK on specialization versus generalization or the relation between school and work.

Most countries which studied comparative education or international education (or both) are not specialist in the field themselves quite properly they are looking to the study to give them comparative insight into some other field. Thus this is just as well for the capacity to provide this perspective is one of the strength of the subject appeal, therefore the following are the comparative perspective that are to be  considered when borrowing education aspects

Awareness of different between system, policies and practice in various country, an individual should be aware of the differences in education system want to borrow by being aware of it that helps to evaluate and compare to your education system as well as to know the problem and means of to tackle them if they differ considerably with those which are similar.

Similarities between system, this is also to be considered when a country want to borrow education aspect from other countries by knowing the similarities it became easy to evaluate others education hence copy their system knowing that it will fit into respective country as the differences are dealt with the impression may be conveyed and if the experience of other country is irrelevant to one’s own then the main point of pursuing such study is lost.

Relevance of other country experiences on educational system to the borrower not every education system can be borrowed and be directly applied they are feasible sometimes as they involve serious danger. The experience of other systems contribute to an understanding of one’s own in deed it can be argued that this is the most valuable contribution of comparative education to the non-specialist.

The importance of the context within which the education system is function is to be stressed, it is crucial to realize that education does not work in vacuum but is profoundly influenced by geographical, culture, demographic historical ad economic and political aspect of the society when it serves.at the same time lest the impression be conveyed that the relationship between education and society ,any society  purely reflect the context, the influence of the system on its context also has to be examined .no education system that operates in isolation but has a complex and dynamic relationship with its natural and social environment ,education should relate with one’s culture ,economy, technology and other factors.

Apart from that borrowing process in education system should be consider the following aspects include;

Economic status of the country, in order for the borrowing to be successfully it’s important for the borrower to make sure that they are to manage the cost of education aspect which are to be borrowed example if Tanzania wishes to borrow TEHAMA it has to make sure that the economic situation is able to fulfill the cost needed e.g. buying of computer, supplying electric all over the country and training teachers for TEHAMA.

Language, the country which borrow education aspect from others country has to relate the language used in that area with that of a particular area to which the system is borrowed this will reduce translation problem.

Political philosophy, the philosophy is to be related to the political philosophy of their own country if the country uses socialism philosophy borrowing has to come from the country which uses  socialist for example in Tanzania borrowed socialism philosophy of self-reliance from china.

Geographical location, borrowing of education should relate with the geographical climate of the particular country in which borrowing is to be taken, for example if you borrow education aspect concerning with fishing make sure that in the country there are rivers lakes or ocean to support your study.

Theme approach when borrowing ones aspect of education one has to go directly to what is intended to borrow and not to seek other issues that are not related to your content, for example Tanzania when borrowed big result now from Malaysia and applied it in the country .the BRN to Malaysians included so many aspect such as fishing, financing, energies thus to Tanzania it didn’t consider the whole aspect of the situation.

Expert ,in  order the borrowing to be success the country  which borrow a certain idea /aspect should be the one who is expertise in such theme for example if the country want to borrow education aspect ,an expert in this field must have educational knowledge of the one who has profession in education.

The following are the advantages of studding comparative education that always give the idea of borrowing education aspect from other systems.

It helps to widen knowledge about educational system in the world for example in terms of financing that is how much resources are set in priority of education (budgeting in education).

Helps in planning and setting objectives related to priority that the borrower is having with reflection to available resources and how to achieve those objectives.

Helps to understand various educational problems in well perspective such as strikes from higher learning students that could be easily solved by loan board though giving loans to learners For example on how to handle the matter of early pregnancies in primary and secondary levels, shortage of teachers and educational facilities.

Although there advantages of borrowing , the borrowing should be taken with the great care so that to avoid the deterioration of the present system, the following are the disadvantages of not borrowing with the great care,

Hard to implement, if the borrowed aspect will not be taken with the great care it will be hard to implement because of being not matching with the borrowing country. Example issue of Big Result Now seemed to be hard to implement because there is no prepared environment.

Underdevelopment of the country economy, the borrowed aspect can let a country into economic crisis that is using a lot of money to implement it later it end up with failure hence underdevelopment of the country.

Possibility of taking irrelevant education aspect, if the borrower will not be careful borrowed there  is high possibility of taking the irrelevant aspect that will not have a link with the expected aims.

Therefore , a borrowing country should borrow the aspect of education system from external with the great care so that to avoid the unnecessary uses from the budget that will let back the system of education in the country rather than going forward.